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Common Ligatures: Ch, Sch, St, Ck in Handwriting
In German, certain two- or three-letter combinations appear so frequently that they develop special connection forms in handwriting.
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Master German reading and writing from handwriting to speed reading, text comprehension, and essay composition.
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15 articles organized into 4 reading & writing topics
German Script & Handwriting Mastery
4 articles
Modern German Cursive: From Sütterlin to Everyday Kurrent
German handwriting has gone through more transformations than almost any European writing system. What German learners call “cursive” today is the result of ...
Umlaut Handwriting: Ä/ä, Ö/ö, Ü/ü Loops and Forms
Umlauts—Ä/ä, Ö/ö, and Ü/ü—are essential parts of the German alphabet.
German Alphabet: Capital vs Lowercase Letters (A vs a, ß Rules)
German uses the same Latin alphabet as English (A–Z), plus the Umlaute (Ä, Ö, Ü) and the special letter ß (Eszett or “sharp S”).
Punctuation & Orthography Rules
5 articles
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Quotation Marks: „Guten Tag“ – Low-High Style Guide
Quotation marks in German (Anführungszeichen) follow a unique typographic style:
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Capitalization in German: Nouns and Formal "Sie" Basics
German is one of the only major languages that capitalizes every noun—not just proper names.
Spelling Reform: ß vs Ss After Vowels – New Guidelines
Before the 1996 German Spelling Reform, use of ß was inconsistent and depended partly on syllable boundaries.
Comma Rules in German: Before Clauses and Infinitives Explained
German uses commas systematically to show sentence structure, especially:
German Punctuation and Spelling Rules: Essentials for Writing
German punctuation (Zeichensetzung) and spelling (Rechtschreibung) differ noticeably from English.
Connectors & Text Cohesion
4 articles
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Addition Connectors: Außerdem, Zudem, Auch Guide
Master German reading and writing with this comprehensive guide.
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German Connectors: Make Your Writing Flow Smoothly
German writing becomes clear, logical, and professional when you use connectors (Konnektoren). They help you:
Error Correction & Self-Editing
2 articles
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False Friends: "Bekommen = Get" vs Receive Warnings
German is full of false friends—words that look like English but have a completely different meaning. One of the most dangerous examples is the verb bekommen.
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Top 10 Learner Mistakes: Der/Die/Das Mix-Ups Fixed
Getting der, die, das right is one of the biggest challenges for German learners. Unlike English or Arabic, German assigns a grammatical gender (Genus) to ev...
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