Common Ligatures: Ch, Sch, St, Ck in Handwriting
In German, certain two- or three-letter combinations appear so frequently that they develop special connection forms in handwriting.
Read Full GuideMaster German reading and writing from handwriting to speed reading, text comprehension, and essay composition.
15 articles organized into 4 reading & writing topics
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In German, certain two- or three-letter combinations appear so frequently that they develop special connection forms in handwriting.
Read Full GuideGerman handwriting has gone through more transformations than almost any European writing system. What German learners call “cursive” today is the result of ...
Umlauts—Ä/ä, Ö/ö, and Ü/ü—are essential parts of the German alphabet.
German uses the same Latin alphabet as English (A–Z), plus the Umlaute (Ä, Ö, Ü) and the special letter ß (Eszett or “sharp S”).
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Quotation marks in German (Anführungszeichen) follow a unique typographic style:
Read Full GuideGerman is one of the only major languages that capitalizes every noun—not just proper names.
Before the 1996 German Spelling Reform, use of ß was inconsistent and depended partly on syllable boundaries.
German uses commas systematically to show sentence structure, especially:
German punctuation (Zeichensetzung) and spelling (Rechtschreibung) differ noticeably from English.
4 articles
Master German reading and writing with this comprehensive guide.
Read Full GuideGerman writing becomes clear, logical, and professional when you use connectors (Konnektoren). They help you:
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German is full of false friends—words that look like English but have a completely different meaning. One of the most dangerous examples is the verb bekommen.
Read Full GuideGetting der, die, das right is one of the biggest challenges for German learners. Unlike English or Arabic, German assigns a grammatical gender (Genus) to ev...
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