Living in Germany often means choosing between two major housing styles - the lively shared-flat culture of WGs (Wohngemeinschaften) and the architectural contrast between Altbau (old buildings) and Neubau (new buildings).
For students, young professionals, and many expats, these choices define your daily life, your rent, your comfort, and your social experience.
This guide explains everything you need to know about WG living, the differences between Altbau and Neubau apartments, and how to choose what fits your lifestyle.
What Is a WG (Wohngemeinschaft)?
WG = shared apartment
A WG is a shared flat or house where each person:
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has their own room
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shares the kitchen
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shares the bathroom
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shares utilities and cleaning
It’s extremely common in Germany, especially in big cities where rent is high.
Who lives in WGs?
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university students
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interns and trainees
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young professionals
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expats
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people new to a city
Some WGs are temporary, others long-term and very stable.
Types of WGs You’ll Encounter
1. Zweck-WG (functional WG)
Purpose: **cheap rent, shared costs
**Characteristics:
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roommates keep to themselves
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minimal social obligations
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peaceful and private
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clean and organized
Perfect if you want independence with low cost.
2. WG-Community (social WG)
Purpose: **community and friendship
**Characteristics:
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shared dinners
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board game nights
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outings together
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more communication
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emotional support system
These WGs often look for someone whose personality fits the group.
3. Temporary / sublet WGs
Purpose: **short-term stays
**Common for:
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internships
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Erasmus students
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newcomers waiting to find permanent housing
Short-term WGs are easier to get into but may lack stability.
Pros and Cons of WG Life
Advantages
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lower rent
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fully equipped kitchens already in place
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built-in social network
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shared costs (internet, electricity, cleaning supplies)
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easier to find than solo apartments
Disadvantages
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less privacy
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cleaning conflicts (the classic WG problem)
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shared bathrooms can be stressful
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finding the “right fit” can take time
WG-life is amazing for some - chaotic for others.
Altbau vs. Neubau: What’s the Difference?
Germany classifies buildings mainly into:
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Altbau → built before approx. 1949
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Neubau → modern buildings built after mid-20th century, often after 1990
These categories determine not just architecture, but lifestyle, heating costs, noise levels, and even vibe.
Altbau Apartments: Charm and Character
What defines an Altbau?
Typical features include:
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high ceilings (3-3.5m)
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wooden floors (Dielenboden or Parkett)
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large windows
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ornate details (Stuck - ceiling ornaments)
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thick walls
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old wooden doors
Altbau = cozy, bright, stylish - perfect for people who value atmosphere.
Advantages of Altbau
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beautiful architecture
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lots of natural light
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rooms feel spacious
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charming neighborhood locations (central, historic)
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strong walls = good sound insulation
Possible downsides
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higher heating costs (older insulation)
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drafty windows
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older pipes or heaters
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squeaky floors
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sometimes no elevator
Still, Altbaus are beloved and almost iconic in German cities.
Neubau Apartments: Modern Comfort and Efficiency
What defines a Neubau?
Common features:
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modern insulation
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energy-efficient windows
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elevators
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underfloor heating
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balconies
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new kitchens and bathrooms
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open floor plans
Neubau = clean, efficient, quiet, practical.
Advantages of Neubau
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lower heating costs
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modern bathrooms and kitchens
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good sound insulation
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elevators and accessible design
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smart home features in new buildings
Possible downsides
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smaller room sizes
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less character or charm
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higher rent in many cities
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less natural light depending on design
Great for people who want comfort and minimal maintenance.
Choosing Between Altbau and Neubau
Choose Altbau if you want:
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character and historical charm
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big windows
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high ceilings
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warm atmosphere
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central location
Choose Neubau if you want:
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modern appliances
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lower utility bills
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noise insulation
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elevators and accessibility
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predictable maintenance
Both have strong pros - the best choice depends on your lifestyle.
WG Life in Altbau vs Neubau
Altbau WGs
Typical WG layout:
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large rooms
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big common areas
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more roommates (3-6 people)
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vibrant social atmosphere
Altbau WGs are popular among students and artists.
Neubau WGs
Typical WG layout:
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modern kitchens
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fewer people (2-3 roommates)
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quieter, cleaner living
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more privacy
Perfect for young professionals who want shared living without chaos.
Important Practical Considerations
1. Heating Costs
Altbau → higher costs in winter
Neubau → much cheaper energy bills
2. Noise
Altbau → squeaky floors but thick walls
Neubau → less internal noise but thinner walls between flats
3. Rent
Altbau in central areas can be expensive
Neubau is modern but often priced higher overall
4. Renovation rules
Altbau landlords may require:
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painting
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floor protection
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careful handling of old pipes
Neubau landlords may have stricter cleanliness standards.
5. Accessibility
Altbau = often no lift
Neubau = usually accessible
WG Applications: The “Casting” Culture
In competitive cities like Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich, WGs often hold WG-Castings - informal interviews to meet potential roommates.
Expect:
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friendly conversations
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questions about your lifestyle
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tours of the flat
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group chats afterward
They want someone who fits socially, not just financially.
Tips for Finding the Right WG or Apartment
1. Use the main platforms
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WG-Gesucht
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eBay Kleinanzeigen
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ImmoScout24
2. Write personal, friendly messages
WG life depends on chemistry.
3. Ask the right questions
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How are chores organized?
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How much is Kaltmiete vs Warmmiete?
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What is included in Nebenkosten?
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Is the building Altbau or Neubau?
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Are pets allowed?
4. Visit in person if possible
You’ll feel the atmosphere immediately.
5. Don’t rush
Housing is a major part of your daily comfort.
Final Thoughts
WG living and choosing between Altbau vs Neubau are key parts of the German housing experience.
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WGs offer affordability, community, and cultural immersion.
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Altbau apartments offer charm, beauty, and big spaces.
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Neubau apartments offer comfort, efficiency, and low maintenance.
Understanding these differences helps you find a home that supports your lifestyle - whether you want lively shared living, peaceful modern comfort, or charming historical atmosphere.
